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The component responsible for storing important HTML files for a domain is the document root. This is the directory on the web server where all the public-facing files are stored. When a user accesses a website, the web server retrieves the requested HTML files from this directory to deliver them to the user's browser.

This structure is vital for ensuring that the server knows where to find the necessary files for serving web pages. The document root acts as the starting point for the server's file system hierarchy relating to a particular domain. The configuration of the server usually specifies this directory, allowing web developers to organize their files accordingly within that root.

In contrast, components like a web proxy typically serve to act as intermediaries for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers, intercepting and managing those requests rather than storing files themselves. An application server instead focuses on executing specific application logic and may not necessarily deal with static HTML files as part of its primary functions. Resource blocks do not specifically refer to the storage of HTML files; they are commonly related to configurations for managing resources rather than serving them directly to users.